What Is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is similar to premenstrual syndrome (PMS). But is far more serious and chronic condition that requires treatment. PMDD causes severe depression, anxiety, irritability, etc., in the first week or two prior to a period starting. This usually lasts until day 2/3 of a period.

It affects approximately 8% of women. It involves a set of physical and psychological symptoms that prevents them from functioning in daily life and threatens their mental health.

Symptoms of PMDD

The symptoms of PMDD do disrupt normal daily life. This will include relationships, home and work life. PMDD requires medical treatment. PMDD is less common than PMS but the symptoms are more severe in nature. These symptoms can last until the menopause.

Symptoms of PMDD include:

1. Lasting irritability or anger.
2. Mood changes including anxiety, depression, or even thoughts of suicide.
3. Panic attacks.
4. Paranoia.
5. Issues with self-image.
6. Emotionally sensitive and/or crying often.
7. Lack of interest in daily activities and relationships.
8. Trouble concentrating, thinking, forgetful or focusing.
9. Increased food cravings or binge eating.
10. Trouble sleeping and severe fatigue.
11. Feeling out of control.

Physical symptoms such as:

1. Stomach cramps.
2. Bloating.
3. Gastrointestinal upset.
4. Breast tenderness.
5. Headaches.
6. Heart palpitations.
7. Coordination difficulties, easy bruising.
8. Joint or muscle pain.
9. Backache.
10. Muscle spasms, numbness or tingling in the extremities.
11. Hot flashes.
12. Dizziness or fainting.
13. Vision changes or eye complaints.
14. Respiratory complaints, allergies and infections.
15. Painful menses.
16. Decreased libido.
17. Decreased urine production, swelling of the hands, feet and ankles, and temporary weight gain.
18. Skin problems: for example acne, inflammations, itching, cold sores.

The Causes Of PMDD

Researchers are unsure to the exact cause. But it is thought that some women are more sensitive to fluctuations in the normal hormones during the menstrual cycle.

A brain chemical called serotonin is also though to be involved as it’s levels change also during the menstrual cycle. Serotonin is also know as the happy hormone as it contributes to our well-being. It is also a precursor for melatonin as it helps regulate our sleep-wake cycle.

Some women who have a family history of postnatal depression, mood disorders and depression may be more likely to experience PMDD.

How Is PMDD Diagnosed?

Your first port of call is your GP who will take a history of your physical and mental symptoms. They will also want to rule out other causes or illnesses. So you will need to keep a calendar and journal of your symptoms.

The Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5 (DSM V) has established seven criteria for diagnosing PMDD. You must have at least 5 or more PMDD symptoms including one moon-related symptom before you are diagnosed.

Guidelines state that symptoms must be:

1. Be present a week before the onset of menses
2. Resolve after the start and within the first few days of flow.
3. Interfere with normal daily living.

The woman must also have one of the following symptoms also:

1. Feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
2. Feelings of anxiety or tension.
3. Mood changes or increased sensitivity.
4. Feelings of anger or irritability.

What Is The Treatment For PMDD

Treatment needs to include lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Some of these treatments are self-help and the sooner you are diagnosed and can begin the treatment the better. Remember if you are feeling suicidal don’t wait phone or have a friend or loved one phone 999 or 112 asap.

Treatment may include:

1. Antidepressants.
2. Birth control pills.
3. Over the counter medication for pain relief.
4. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and other talking therapies.
5. Stress management techniques, including relaxation techniques and taking it easy in the days leading up to menstruation.
6. Healthy eating, including cutting back on salty and sugary foods, alcohol, caffeine.
7. Exercise, including yoga in particular.
8. Supplements such as: Evening primrose oil, Chaste berry extract, Calcium with Vitamin D, Vitamin B6, Magnesium, Vitamin E.
9. Alternative remedies, such as acupuncture, reflexology.

Work With Me.

Remember you are allowed to ask for support. No one is an island. If you need extra support then you can also work with me. We all struggle with stress and overwhelm from time to time. If you find this has become a problem for you and you’d like some support then schedule an appointment with me.